Because we did not have the technology test, the class is being marked on 4 marking events. Here are the percentages I'm using: 42.5% for Word, 42.5% for Excel, 10% for powerpoint, 6% for the library test. I set the brackets for the respective grades as 90 or above as a A, 75 or above as a B, 60 or above as a C and there was no need to go lower as those who were really attending met these criteria. Nominally, we can see that there is 101 points in the course. In reality there was 109.5 as the max for word was 115 and the max for excel was 105 as far as limits to the tests. To the entire class, thank you for your participation in what was somewhat trying conditions.

To see the previous terms web page, click here. To move directly to the next lecture

Buying the book A tutorial on enrolling on snap2007 To access the snap site, click here To bring down a copy of the Syllabus for SSII'10, click here To see previous syllabi, Click here for previous tests and assignments To link to the CCP web page click here. Finally, Maria Diaz's tutorial

There are requirements to take this class as you can read in your syllabus. One is to take the tests. The first test is online using the snap2007.emcp.com web site. When you buy the book you will get an envelop about snap2007 which includes a booklet. On the inset of the booklet will be a code made up of 8 letters. This is your activation code. You need to also know your enrollment code and this is :

For Northeast SSII '10 (CIS103-101) it is roller-calculates

To enroll, start with snap2007.emcp.com and click new student

Fill in the information. But, consider the following: use a password that others do not know but you are familiar with. Use an Email address that you frequent regularly. You should know by now both the activation and enrollment codes

If you get this message, you have been enrolled. A confirmation will be emailed to the email address you indicated

If you try to get on and get what's above, you are using the wrong browser. Switch to Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or 7 or 8. With 8, you may have to make some adjustments as indicated below.

If you are on Internet Explorer 8 and are told at any stage that you are not compatible, you can run IE8 as IE7 thrugh the following measures. Click the page button on the right. One option should be compatibility view settings. When you click that a dialog box shoud appear on the right (as opposed to this picture, the context menu for page will disappear) and you should click the bottom check box

While not at the moment, your account should provide a series of tutorials and you can see an example of this above from last term's class.

To the right is a tab designated as exams. Again, this is for last term's test but this is what you would be navigating through to take the test.

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Click the button above to hide this tutorial

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Welcome to Marc Rauer's web site for CIS103-101 Summer session II class at NERC. We should be meeting in Rm 130 in what is the new extension.

One other thing to bring to your attention is the question of the application of technology. A friend of mine was on a panel discussing modern technology and how it pertains to the adolescent mind. I piped up on how technology would have been very different if World War II had gone differently. You can see a discussion of this by clicking here.

your class is set up on the snap 2007 site. your section name will be under CIS103 and indicate CIS103-101 SSII NE for our section designation during Summer session II at the Northeast regional center. To get to this you will have to enroll on the site using "roller-calculates" (without the quotes) and the activation code you have purchased. As indicated above, all the tutorials necessary for Word have been activated for you. Thanks to Dennis Pettis, the rep for EMCP who services CCP, we have added more tutorials that what you will get through the book. This includes tutorials in Access, Powerpoint and computer concepts including discussion of operating systems. Of course, tutorial involving Word and Excel have been included

Beginning Lecture for this class: Ms Word: July 12th, 2010

Having discussed the syllabus and the course, let's start with MS Word. Word dominates the commercial PC word processing market. For your information, there are other word processors, the most known being Word Perfect. Word is also on Apples.
This version has been superceded by Word 2010 which your instrcutor has but has not played with yet. Previous version of word were the intro in 1990, a version on 1992, a version in 1994 that was bundled with other programs creating the first Microsoft office suite. A version in 1997 for Windows 95, a version in 2000, the XP version in 2001, the 2003 version in 2003. In the 2003 version, file structure could be used between the 1997 and 2003 verions meaning that if you used 2003 to create a word document, designated as a "doc" document, it would load in Word 97. Not everything would work, but at least it would load. The backward compatibility was extremely useful. However, this version breaks the streak. The native file structure, "docx" is XML based and is not readable in previous versions. To deal with this, Microsoft also supports the previous format in Word 2007.

Let's bring up MS Word on your systm. At home you can access this by a variety of methods but I don't know what has been set here in this lab. For our purposes, use start/programs/MSOffice/word 2007

I have a tutorial discussing the changes pertaining to 2007 versus previous versions. Let's access this by clicking here

Second Lecture for this term. July 14th, 2010

In the last lecture, we talked about the changes that have occurred between the 2003 version and word 2007. Keep mind that this has affected file structure and Word 2007 supports 2 files structures: (1) .doc to make it compatable with the '97 through '2003 and (2).docx which is its own unique structure. .docx is really 4 files that work together to produce your document.We'll start today first by discussing the snap2007 site, but after that discussion, let's bring up a blank word files that we will later save to your system.

Let's start by discussing some definitions as far as word processing is concerned. We start with a single character. This, in essence, represents a byte which in data processing is used to represent a character. Maybe, at this point, your instructor will discuss binary and bytes assuming he is lucid enough at that point in the morning to do this. You may have also heard that there is a new way of describing text designated as unicode and your version of office will handle this. To the right, as found on the internet, is a translation of letters to binary and vice versa. Now, of importance in Word is that many instruc tions are character oriented as your instructor will point out. If character oriented, you, as the user, is responsible for tell ing Word how far and how many characters to deal with.

Now, as an aside, a Microsoft word file is larger than the sum of bytes that you see as text with a minimin of 10K (10000) bytes excess. Now, after the byte, a set of contiguous (together) bytes delimited (separated) by spaces or beginnng a paragraph or ending a paragraph (which we will discuss) or involved with punctuation is a word. Notice that this definition des not involve whether the word has meaning so don't use this with any language instructor. Next, a group of words ending in punctuation creates a sentence. Again, the sentence does not have to have meaning. A group of sentences delimited by use of the enter key denotes a paragraph. Now, again, don't use this definition with your language instructor. But, paragraphs, delimited with the enter key, are important since many Word instructions are defined as such - paragraph instructions. Paragraph commands can be easier to indicate to word than character commands since you only need to move your cursor onto the paragraph to indicate an instruction to it as you will see. Now, continuing, A set of paragraphs fitting on a page printed by your printer denotes a page. And the set of pages that make up your document denote a document and a document is, in essence, a file and we've come full circle in our discussion as we started by discussing the 2 allowable extensions of word (although, be aware that Word can save documents in other forms)

You should be asking about the printer, then. How does it determine a page. Printers have a physical quality: only so much, given the parameters of the document, can be printed. Any more, and you create a pysical page break. How does your system know when that capacity is met? Through the use of drivers that interact between your printer and the operating system. Microsoft has some specific requirements for each printer and the printer manufacturer tries to fulfill these. In essence, what you are typing and seeing in word is a representation of what your printer should look like. Keep in mind, even with this interaction between Word, the operating system and your printer, that there are differences that crop up between your terminal and printer and this comes out when lots of graphics comes into play. To overcome this, print preview has been created to bridge the gap but even this is not 100% accurate. You can find print preview using the MS office button. print, print preview.

We started by bringing word up. You should have a blank document, designated as document1 (or such)n your screen. With this blank document, let's do a little bit of work in word. Type your full name. first and last. Notice the movement of the cursor. Word has at least 2 cursors in operation, one being text, the other mouse. Text generally moves between the home position of the document and the end position of the document.

Before doing anything else, let's discuss home and end of document. This involves the word processing buffer and does not include headers, etc, which we will be discussing. To get to the home position of the document, hit ctrl-home. Even with the small amout that you entered, you should see movement. To get the the end of the document, click ctrl-end and you will move to the end of the word processing buffer. It's a small movement, but you should see this. Word calls this navigation and there are many more commands for moving through documents.

Now, to the cursor. You should be seeing the cursor blink, this is the text cursor. Move your mouse around and notice the kind of I that the mouse cursor makes. Cursor usage has undergone a big development with Word 2007. It used to be that the text cursor was constrained between the beginning and end of a document. No more, the text cursor will expand the document when double clicked in the right location as your instructor will demonstrate.

With your inclusion of your name, you should have entered two words, one being your first name, the other your last. Let's look at the statistics that you are creating in the document. Word is virtual in keeping track of these. At the bottom, on the word status line, click your right button. Click on vertical page position, line number, column and word count. See the results! You can click them off if you want, but if you are doing this, notice also that spelling and grammer checker is probably on. We will discuss spelling and grammer later in this course, but you should understand that any jagged red and green lines you see are from this.

Let's continue with statistics here. There are plenty of statistics that Word keeps on your document as there are several ways to see these statistics. One way is to move to the review tab and click word count. At left you can see some representative statistics if you do this. Another way of doing this is by clicking the MS office symbol and prepare. There are many new functions here from previous Word version, but we are interested in properties, which you should click now. Now, interestingly enough, this does lead to plenty of statistics, but since we're here, let's discuss this part. From Word 2000, users have had the ability to enter data about a document, not part of the document. At first this was tied to the operating system, but Microsoft has pulled back from this because of the threat of lawsuit. Concentrating on this, you can see that text boxes are available for author, title, subject, keywords, category, status and comments. Author is defaulted to who owns this machine and you will probably see CCP in this. You are allowed to enter any of these text boxes and provide info on the document. We, however, seek more. Click document properties and advanced properties and a tabbed dialog box (also known as a notebook) will appear. Click statistics and you will see everything the program is compiling about this document. You can also add additional parameters to the "meta" data. Click custom, Let's put in two things. Date completed and typist. Date completed should be a date, Typist should be text. Below, is what I did at home and you should see something similar.

While we are testing here, let's play around with zoom control at the far left of the word status bar (or line). Set it along the minus side till you cannot make out the letters of your name. he letters are still represented but are "greeked", the industry term for showing something to indicate letters. Now, move to the positive. We haven't discussed fonts and size of type, which we will, but if you were an engineer, how would you accomplish this expansion of print. No, let's move the zoom back to nominal position.

Back to what we have been typing. Above, we talked about character vs paragraph command. On our small portion of text, let's show you the difference and we'll do this again for more complicated document. For a paragraph command, all you need to be is on the paragraph. Now, click the home tab, and look at the paragraph group. All of these are paragraph commands. Bottom right is the justifications. let's start with these although we will not be able to show you them all at this point. Notice that the buttom far left of that group is highlighted. Click the next button. You text should be centered. Click the button after that, and you will notice the text is left justified. Can you think of any social circumstances where right justification is necessaty?

Now, let's work on character commands. For such, you need to be able to highlight characters. To select all characters in a document, hit ctrl A. To select anything other than all, drag your mouse (computer terminology for click and moving your mouse cursor while the left button is clicked) across the letters. You can add separate sections by keeping the ctrl button down while dragging. Look at the font group on the home tab. These are all character commands. Click B. Everything is capitalized. Click B again. We are back to normal. Click I. What happens? How about U? Do you see how character commands are issued.

With the text that you have selected, we want to look at copy and paste which are character commands. You can find cut,copy and paste in the home ribbon, first group. If this is not convenient when in a word document, if characters have been select, click your right button to display context sensitive operations and these will include cut, copy and paste

The clipboard is a system wide resource in your computer. it is available to any Windows compatible program. It holds data that is cut or copied. It brings that data back when paste is invoked. paste on your system through context sensitive menus will will be grayed out if a copy or cut has yet to take place during a session.

Click copy (although generally in Word one uses cut). Move your cursor to the end - you can use ctl end - and click paste. Replicated data has appeared. The clipboard, which as described is a part of the operating system, can be shown by clicking the lower control on the clipboard group. By the way, what would have happened if we would have used cut and paste?

Besides a straight paste, you can alter the way data is pasted in. Text can be made to look like a picture which we designate using the term graphic. Let's try this. Select the bottom part of the paste icon and you will get a list that includes paste special.. Clicking this gives you some options including Windows metafile. Use this and the result is somewhat startling. You can't get a cursor on it as it has come back as one large mass. As a graphic.

This is not as surprising as it might seem. In essence, all data, whether supposedly text or graphics is graphics. Interpretation is done to determine where on this graphics a cursor should reside. This is a difficult concept for novices and this class is not designed to discuss all aspects of this. But you should understand that no character that you typed was really such. It is in the end a set of pixels. A pixel (shorthand for picture element) is a very small block on your terminal. The higher the reslution, the more pixels you have. A pixel can have a color attached to it. Manipulation of pixels is how text is put onto your terminal. Somewhere in memory your name is represented in bytes. On the screen, those bytes have been transformed into pixels. This is necessary for other things we will be talking about, such as fonts, italics, boldness and point size.

The picture below shows Marc written three times, the first in Times Roman, the next in Arial and then in impact. Look at the difference between the replications. This represents the different mathematical representations used in these fonts. What should be a surprise to you is that the picture below was not created in Word, but in paint, a graphics program. You would not be able to move a cursor onto any of these letters. This is what Word sees. Word, as opposed to paint, has intelligence to break down the underlying bytes and determine where a cursor should be placed. In this example, it should be clear why the clipboard can bring back a picture, it really was a picture to start with.

To prove the universality of this, let's propagate your name. Open textbox and click paste. There's your name, that's not a surprise as we are daling with text. Open excel and click paste in a cell. There's your name. Open paint amd click paste. You get your name but without a cursor similar to what we saw in word

We are almost done with using this document that just has your name. Let's get back to our document. Move your cursor to the last letter. Hit the enter key. You have created a paragraph (in this case a second paragraph) which in word processing is defined as the hit of the enter key. Paragraphs can also be deleted. When added, data is moved down and in essence to the left. When a paragraph is deleted, data is move up and the right. Notice, at the moment, you cannot see any trace of the paragraph. Now, let's continue. Type in Community College Of Phila.

What do we now have - 2 paragraphs. Let's see if we can indicate markers indicating these paragraphs. In the paragraph group of the home tab, click the backward paragraph icon. What do you see. Characters indicating paragraphs and spaces. What if you printed this document at this point. These would not show up.

Finally, let's save this file. We'll call it name.docx (although we will not have to put in th docx). Follow your instructor in this. Where does your document go. In word options you can set your own location, but the default is into my document and we should see this. Now, one more thing, before we go on. How many letters were put into this document. What size are we seeing. It's quite a bit bigger, isn't it. You have leaned the difference between a text file and a binary file. Word creates binary files. Notepad creates text files. There is a bit of a difference as your instructor will explain.

Third Lecture. July 19th, 2010

In reviewing and planning for this lecture, your instructor apparently did not get to the question of saving. We will talk about this in theory at the beginning of this class, but he has set up a word document for you to look at if you are interested in a more advanced discussion of save as. Click here to see this.

As to what is mentioned in class, there are two generic types of word processing documents, text and binary. To prove text, open up notepad and type your name and save the document. If you know the windows operating system, you should be able to look at the size of the document that you saved. It will probably be one byte more than the size of your name in bytes or characters. This extra byte is an end of file marker (I think hex code 1A or 26, but I haven't looked at this for a long time). Notepad options are stored in your registry and therefore are not part of the document to be saved. Anything needed, such as printer info, is found (at best) through what windows will give to the average program on a real time basis. This is text in terms of textprocessing (or word processing). The following adage is true: what you type is what is saved. Word and other advabnced word processing programs could not exist with these limitations. So, a binary file is developed. What do we mean by this? First, all sorts of options that could be available in word are saved. This would include cursor positions, paragraph info for each paragraph, information about graphics, etc. Information, which would be default info as to what to do when the file is moved to another computer with different support, is also included. This takes space and your name, which in my case is 10 bytes, explodes in size. For this version of Word, which internally runs more efficiently, this is at least 10K in size where K = 1024 bytes.

Now, we are about to work our way to more serious files pertaining to Word and word processing in general. We will do this by stages. First, we move to an intermediate file where we can easily perform cut, copy and paste functions: look at headers and footers: deal with editing while we look at definitions such as word wrap, margins, justifications and the like. We can even use this file to get into spell checkers and grammar checkers. This small amount of code will also allow us to look at the new Word preview controls. Let's load up the seuss file by clicking here.

This "poem" can be found all over the internet. Other spoofs of Doctor Seuss can also be found. We are going to use this for a discussion of MS Word. First, how many paragraphs are there in this poem. Generally, students focus on the beginning title. Is this a paragraph or not? That's the wrong focus! The question is, what ends with an enter key? To confirm this, click hide show. A lot more paragraph symbols than was expected will show up. Count the paragraph symbols (except for null paragraphs) and you have your answer. You can verify this answer by looking at statistics at any time.

Now, students always ask, what's the big deal? Who cares if I end a line with an enter key as opposed to using word wrap. The answer! You are going around tools that word processor's provide you and in the end, with a complicated document, you will feel the effects. In the case of just margin changing, to get as low of an idea as possible, what we have here in this document that will defeat the use of margin changing to alter its layout.

Now, another question. Does this document have a header? Double click the top of the document (or click the insert tab and then header) and you will see something like what is below.

Above, you can see the header buffer which does not contain anything, least of all the text in question. This shot will also show the effects of hide show in the word processing buffer and you can see that every line has a paragraph symbol at its end. Notice also that the word processing buffer is grayed out and we should mention in class, and show,both header and footer and word processing buffer cannot be active at the same time.

You should notice that there has been a change here. Using word wrap, more can be put on each line. Word wrapping is occurring at different spots. You should understand that even though this is suppoosedly a paperless society, there is still plenty of paper that we are dealing. Many document, including resumes, still need to be laid out so that they fit in one page or two pages, etc. While this does not apply to electronic resumes, you still need a paper based one. What happen when you are dealing with a paper based resume that is 1 page, 1 or 2 lines. This is not professional and use of margins can effect the change needed.

Now, this is a good time to discuss cheating on margins. In our society, the important margins are left and top (although there are societies that are sensitive to top right and other that are just sensitive to top). If you have a margin 1" around, as we are here, you could cheat by setting the right margin at .9 and the bottom at .9. Only somebody really observant with documents would know you have done this and this might give you the space necessary to go from 1 page and change to 1 page.

Okay, let's start working on this document. Let's handle the question of real paragraphs. If you include the title, there should be 6 paragraphs. To the right, you will the effects of this "trimming" (and that is the word processing term for this) where we have deleted the paragraph symbols of lines of a paragraph to the end. You can see the form of this for these new paragraphs: margin to margin for each line except the last line which tags on (Now, I'm using a term from parcing dance steps, but I think you understand what we're saying and showing here. Look at this as a whole and you will see that each line on the left starts flush left with the left margin. In addition, the first line (which we had designated as title) is flush top with the top margin. And, speaking of margins, it should be apparent that there are four margins on the page. Appropriately named as top, right, left and bottom. The top and bottom margin contain buffers (you've seen one already) which we will call headers and footers. You can, if you want, determine margins by looking at the page layout tab/margins, but you should be able to determine the margins of this document through the ruler. Its gray space at the beginning and end on the horizontal ruler indicates as such. On the vertical ruler, you would be looking at the top and the bottom. Now, speaking of margins, which Microsoft standard is applied here?

Why do the first lines - or any lines as a paragraph is laid out - of a paragraph move into the next line? Well, this is word processing, this is what it is supposed to do and this is what you paid for. A word processor provides word wrap for the lines of a paragrah. As you type, the system determines how wide the word is that you are typing and if too wide to be able to be contained without encroaching the margin, it forces a break to the next line. This is always being polled and you can make changes anywhere in the document and the text, after that change, will be laid out again and everything will be applied using word wrap. In fact, we about to prove this. Let's change this document from the 2003 office standard it is now, into the office 2008 standard which is 1" margin around.

While you can do this by manipulating the ruler, we will do this more traditionally by moving to the page layout tab. But first, let's document this change. Look at your document and see where word wrap has occurred. Now, in your mind, consider that we are increasing the effective space for each line by half an inch. What do you think should happen? Let's change the margin and see! Yopu should notice that word wrap occurs later as the paragraphs are laid out and, no doubt, knowing your instructor as I do, he make note of this to you.

How, about the reverse, padding a resume. Margins can be used for this, but let's look at another technique and in doing so look at some enhancements in this program from previous versions.

With this version, the designers of word have given the user preview possibilities so that you can see what will be the result if you were to change something without physically changing it (unless, of course, you want). We will do this first with fonts and font sizes. Before we begin, what can you tell your instructor about what is a font? Unfortunately, given the font addiction that your instrcutor has, we'll discuss this in class. keep in mind, however, as in many things, your instructor is not an expert. How do you determine what is meant by font-size? Again, we'll give you some definitions as we go along. In fact, there are a lot of definitions that we could go into and you instructor will attempt to moderate his interest in font trivia and provide the most salient of terms for you. But, we can start this process by looking at a tutorial on Fonts which you can get to by clicking here.

Let's use preview to look at fonts and point size. Use either Ctrl A or Select all in editing on the home tab. Now, let's click the font control. Move your cursor over a font and you will notice that the text changes to that font. Before you get scared, move off the font control. Notice that we are back to what we started with. Now, try it again and look at the length of the document. Notice it changes. For the same point size, Times Roman is smaller than Arial. In this system, Calibri (and Cambria for headers) is the default and the point size has changed to, to 11 points for default. In previous versions, Times Roman 12 and Arial 10 have had this distrinction. Now, pick a font and let's do the same with points. Notice that the higher the point size, the longer the document. In fact, you should notice that 14 points is about double what you will see with 10 points. Remember, both length and width is affected by the change in point size therefore the math to this is 1.4*1.4 = 1.96 to 1. Here's an example that can be used for padding a document. Increase the point size (or change the font) throughout a document so that it looks consistent.

We want to get back to what the document looked like at the start of our discussion. You don't remember the font or point size? No matter. Word is keeping track of what you are doing and can undo most of your commands to the program. The undo (and redo) buttons are on the quick access toolbar (icon bar). The one pointing to the left is undo. Let's use this to get back to where we were. While doing this, keep in mind that this is an important tool. At some point text will disappear or reappear where it shouldn't be. Your first thought in rectifying this problem should be undo. And the undo in Word is quite effective, generally (maybe over 90% of the time) you will be brought back to where you want to be even if you have been making significant changes.

Let's concentrate on a paragraph. Previously, when we did the document where we typed our name, we saw the effects of left justification, centering and right justification. There is mathematics involved in this, as was pointed out. Let's try the same thing with a paragraph in this document. It should work the same except for using all the lines of the paragraph. But, there is one more icon for justification designated as full justification or, just, justification. Can you describe what this is doing? How about mathematically. The answer is that the spacing between words is being increased to take up the slack we have been discussing.

We are about to use another tool that word has and this is a tool that extends back into the '90s. We talked about this tool before: this is the ruler. Let's turn it on and off and then on again. In previous versions the default was to have this control on - not in this version.

You may or may not be able to notice that there are four controls on the ruler and the first 3 (the ones on the left) incorporate something that we can designate as paragraph topography. Your instructor will go over this with you but you should understand that the topography of paragraphs have gone through a radical change since 1990 or so, much of this because of computers and the abundance of paper. Your instructor will describe indent, outdent and normal (or as microsoft calls it, firstline, hanging and normal). Older students, and your instructor, will recognize that this is how we were taught English usage.

Using the ruler, we will emulate firstline, hang and normal and in the process deal with controls that microsoft calls increase indent and decrease indent. The indent buttons are in the paragraph group. Now, assuming you don't want to use the ruler, there is a paragraph dialog box available to you as indicated to the right. You get that by clicking the lower control to the right where you see the word paragraph in the paragraph control group

Looking at the paragraph dialog box, we see at the top an alignment control which is easier to do through the justification icons on the paragraph group. There are 10 designations as far as outline level. We'll show this to you but use it in the next document we load up. Indenations are next and these are duplications of left and right controls on the ruler. Special is the topography section allowing for firstline and hanging and by how much. Spacing will be discussed sooner or later in class as to philosophy, but you can see text boxes for before and after. This version of word has had a major change as far as spacing - not all of it good and we'll discuss this laterr either using this document or the next. Another part of a coming discussion is line spacing and we'll get back to this later in the course.

But first, let's use the ruler to govern these changes. The ruler has at least 6 controls. You can control the margins. You can control the first line of a paragraph. You can control all the other lines of a paragrph except for the first. You can control the "ratio" between the first line and all the others. You can control the indentation at the right. You can control tabbing (which we will not discuss in this class except for specific requirements. Below, we show the ruler and some of the controls.

In class we will use the ruler to manipulate the topograhy of one (or several) paragraphs.

Fourth Lecture - July 21, 2010

While my original intention was to use a new document, let's continue with the seuss document that you can load by clicking here. It will be easier to deal with this document in some of our discussion than with a larger document.

As mentioned, we should discuss spacing around and through paragraphs and how this has changed in Word for this version. There are really big changes. Let's deal with spacing within a paragraph first. Most of you would be familiar with double or triple spacing. This type of spacing in MS Word is through paragraph commands. The icon next to the justifications can start you out with this. Click this and you have a minimum of the following options to work with, some not all that intuitive. You will see spacing of 1, 1.15, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3. We'll show you these but you probably can figure out what these are except for 1.15. It is somewhat conspicuous in this list. Why is it here?

This goes back to our discussion of font. The default in this version is calibri 11. Defaults in previous version were Arial 10 and Times Roman 12 which were of similar size as mentioned in the last class. Let's assume that we select all the text (possibly through ctrl-A) and change an existing document from the previous defaults pertaining to font to this new one. What will happen? It will be about 15% shorter in length that in the previous default fonts. This is the reason for the inclusion of 1.15. It allows for users to move to calibri 11 and hold the length of the document to some extent. Personally, I think it leaves a lot to be desired but you may feel differently when you look at the esthetics.

We might as do this and learn something else in the process. We will set calibri 11 for the first paragraph. I will show you how to use a tool called the format painter to copy formatting info to the other patagraphs. Understand that this concept as used here is inefficient - it's use is to show you how format painter works while we play with this new font and point size.

So to start the process, remenber that font and font size are character commands. We will need to highlight the text to be changed. Highlight by dragging your mouse the first paragraph. Set this to calibri 11. The format painter works like a cut (or copy) and paaste for formatting. By your cursor, you indicate to the system what formatting you would like to copy and impose.

Move you cursor over any character in the first paragraph. Invoke the format painter in the clipboard group of the home tab. Now, drag your mouse across a set of text you would like to change to this new format of calibri 11. The second paragraph would do. See what's happening! Your instructor will do this also so you can see this in class. Now. once the seocnd paragraph has been changed let's do the same technique to handle all the remainig text. Now, eyeball this! It should look smaller than the previous font. Now, let's compensate by invoking the 1.15 as far as spacing. This should length our document.

Let's extend our discussion of line spacing even further. We should have talked about compression when discussing fonts above. TYou may remember that one of the tutorials used this to compress space and it really didn't look too good. In this case, compression moved characters closer to each other than what would be normal. What if we could move lines togrther more so than what is usual. This is called leading and is a prime way of gaining a line or two per page of a document as long as you don't make it too obvious. You instructor will explain this to you and we'll try for 95% leading. Word will know this by our use of the multiple command and we'll try 95% for use in class. Well, how did that work. This is a very good technique as long as you don't overdo it. Newspapers use this quite often in publication. A quick scan will tell you whether some ascender has been trampled by a descender. In general, if this has not occurred, you can get away with this technique. But, understand, those familiar with word processing may have an idea that you have played a trick on them and used leading.

Now, how about spacing between paragraphs? This has also changed. Microsoft is defaulting to more space between each paragraph. This works well when using relatively long paragraphs but distorts the document for addresses and line items used with bulleting and numbering. Care must be given when you run into this and you might want to use the check box "don't add space between paragraphs of the same style" that was pointed out before when we looked at the paragraph dialog box.

Let's deal with bullets and numbering. We should first discuss when it is appropriate to do these. So, when should you use bulleting? When should you use numbering? Bullets and numbering are applied when you are indicating action items. If the items more or less have the same priority, use bullets. If there is a need for doing these action items in sequence, use numbering. Whichever you use, keep in mend that these are paragraph commands. When we deal with tables, you will see instances where it looks like this idea of paragraph commands is being violated. We will have to wait until we deal with tables to see this.

First, let's discuss bullets. Bullets are in essence pictures put in front of a paragraph in such a way as to attract someone's eyes, preferably your reader. Numbers are bullets that are numeric. Numbers are more interesting because of their flexibility. You can use numerics, alphabetics, roman numerals and the like. Bullets have many possibilities also and you can invoke different fonts for selections keeping in mind that the fonts designated symbols, webdings and wingdings have been created for this. To the right is an example of the symbols available from the wingdings2 font.

Now, how do bullets and numbering work per human psyiology? It turns out that our eyes are attracted to dark objects surrounded by white space. A bullet (or number) does this. You can see this as the bullet is inserted into place. Given this need for spacing, you can use the bullet controls to set this "tab" between the bullet and the action item or you can use the ruler. There are, of course, defaults, but this will allow us to use the tab control on the ruler to control this.

Now, for an example of using bullets, let's take an extreme case. In normal usage, the system keeps track of your 7 prior symbols used for bullets. If you are just starting with Word, several defaults are provided to you. One looks, quite candidly, like the federation symbol on Star Trek. What if you wanted to do your own. You have the option to include your own picture. Let's do an example in class using a picture. If you click here, the marketing logo for the movie, From Russia With Love, will be moved to your system. Now, let's use this picture as a symbol for a bullet once we have brought up the seuss file as it has been modified for correct paragraph usage. We can find this file by clicking here.

Now select the last 5 paragraphs. Since bullets and numbering is a paragraph command, it only necessary to indicate to the system that the paragraphs are part of our choice, so I'm going to drag over the minimum amount necessary. Click the bullet downward arrow control next to the bullet icon and select the option, define new bullet. Once in this dialog box, use picture and then import and select the oo7logo.gif file. Once you brought this into the document, you will need to modify the layout. With the paragraphs selected, insert a left tab which you can do be clicking the bottom of the ruler where desired and then use ruler commands 1 and 2 and the left tab to set the document to what is shown to the right.

In class, we will now look at numbering and its options. But, if you want, in previous classes I have provided a web based tutorial on bullets and you can see this by clicking here.

Another paragraph command, although it can be used as a character command if text is selected, is borders and shading. You have many possibilities in using this either through the borders and shading button in the paragraph group or through the borders and shading dialog box that was long the word standard. We will take a look at both of these at this time. But, prior to starting this, what is the effect of borders and shading. When done correctly, it again uses human psyiology to move one's eyes to a certain location. We will not see this effect as we start and move borders around a paragraph. But, using the borders and shading option of this button, we can really hone in on this technique. Below, you should see the borders and shading dialog box

Now keep in mind that it is important to be judicious in using this technique as all techniques designed to draw the readers eyes to certain spots. The more you use this in a document, the less effective it is. In this case, we are going to apply this technique to one of the paragraphs. Set the type of border to shadow and set the width (thickness) to 6 points. 6 is the highest that is provided and you can use 4.5 just as effectively. Notice that there is a type of preview at the right and this should reflect the shadow and border width. Now, click the shading tab and selet 10%. Now, please note, age worsens eyesight and accuity and this technique requires you to understand the audience. Younger readers of yuor document can take and enjoy higher shading ercentages. Older may not even be able to discern 10%. So, be careful. Now, exit this dialog box and for the paragraph in question, index left and right half and inch. Add 3 to 6 points of spacing before and after this paragraph. You should have something that looks like the following.

Tough to ignore, isn't it. Assume you were doing a marketing letter and a paragraph on the letter was set this way: anybody looking at this page would have to see this paragraph first.

We are going to move our attention to the review tab of the ruler. We want to look at translation services, spell checkers and grammar checkers. I used the translation service of microsoft to translate this into french and you can see the result of this document by clicking here. In theory, if a relatively good grammar checker existed, this should be part of translations between languages. Ask your language teacher what is the hardest thing to translate. It should be idioms which go against the grain of the language. If a grammar checker can handle idioms in English or any other language, pretty close translations should result. Let's try that here. I'm using world lingo but it is possible that your computer is set to microsoft's translation service. It probably will not be better than what I'm showing

This which if Dr. Seuss wrote the technical handbook 

If a package runs up against a pocket on a casing on a port, and the bus
is stopped like all last resource, and addresses
the memory makes your diskette fall through, then the package of casing
the pocket has an error to pay!

If your cursor finds an article of small follow-up of an indent,
And the double-clicking icons put your window in the refuse,
And your data are 'corrupted cause that the index does not chop,
Then your desperate plight, and your system going to break!

If the label on your cable on the pinion at your house,
Known as that the network is connected to the button on your mouse,
But your packages want to bore a tunnel with another protocol,
That is on several occasions rejected by the printer in bottom of the hall.

And your screen is very twisted by the side effects of gauss,
Thus your icons in the window are also undulating like souse,
Then you can as well reload and leave with a blow,
'Cause as sure as I am a poèt, the sucker going to hang!

When the copy of your floppy disc becoming wet on the disc,
And causes it useless RISC of instructions of microcodes,
You must flicker your memory and you will want TO INSERT your ROMANIAN,
Stop the computer quickly and are sure of saying your mom!

I'm afraid that most documents will not do much better no matter what language. We are against the toughest problem in computer programming. We'll prove this to you using the document you get when you click here

Running the spell checker against the seuss document will produce errors and we can use this to discuss spell chec ker option. In addition, your instructor will try to show you how to handle auto correct, another technique for checking spelling errors. You can find this off of proofing when using the MS office symbol.

Since this modification of this web site is being done in the morning, your instructor has run out of time to modify this. I expect to use the seuss document to start a discussion on headers and footers, but we probably will get to looking at our next document which you can load by by clicking here

Fifth Lecture - July 26, 2010

Note: As we start, let me mention something I forgot to tell you last lecture. You will remember that in discussing bullets I indicated that there were several fonts designed for pictures and we could use these pictures as bullets. Let's assume you want to use a picture in a document without using it as a bullet. To do this, use the insert tab/symbol control and the more symbols option will take you into the same dialog box for these special fonts as seen when we were looking at bullets.

Today, we are going to use a larger document to finalize Word (today and part of Wednesday). You can get this document by clicking here. In keeping with the highly sophisticated nature of the previous documents used in this course, this document pertains to another icon of American culture, hawaii 50. Several articles on the internet have been accumulated to create this document. It is probable that the fact that Jack Lord had a major role in the movie, Dr No, was attractive to your instructor.

What's a matter with this document. We hope that you are noticing that the orientation is set for landscape and the margins really won't work for our purposes. First thing to do: let's set portrait and then let's set margins. 1" around should do. But, before we do this, notice that there are 9 pages. What do you think should happen as far as pages are concerned as we switch to portrait?

Notice the read jagged lines under many of the words. This is the spell checker in action. Most of these words are proper names and therefore not in any dictionary. If this is disconcerting, use options in the spell checker (or the ms office symbol, word options, proofing and check "hide spelling errors in this document only". Similarly, you could do the same for the grammar checker. Keep in mind that spelling errors and grammar errors will still show up when clicking spelling and grammar checker in the review tab.

In fact, let's do this. In this case, as opposed to previous documents, there are planty of "errors". Many of these, if this was a real situation, you might want to add to your private (or custom dictionary). After a few of these we can cancel. If we have time we will take a peak into the custom dictionary to see what's there.

Again, as opposed to previous documents, there are plenty of pages here. Use your vertical scrollbar and you will be told when you are on another page. At the bottom of pages is the page break which in this view looks like the movement between sheets of paper. As we are about to discuss movement within a document, notice how the vertical scroll bar will move with us. Keep in mind that scroll bars are programmable (they are provided by way of the windows operating system but their movement must be programmed) so the programmers of Word are keeping track of where you are in the document.

Let's start small and use the ctrl home, ctrl end, home and end keys. The first two work as they did in the previous documents, but now we can see home takes the user to the beginning of any line, end the end of any line. You can also see that the page number and how many pages at the bottom status bar has some meaning. Now, two other buttons may be useful at this point. Page up and page down will move you through a screen length. This is different than a page length as there is about 2.5 screens per physical page (and this is changeable depending on zoom controls). You can move up and down a screen by the appropriate key

How do we handle navigation in general without being dependent on buttons. On the home tab, at the right, click the find control downward arrow. Use Goto. If you miss goto, don't worry about it. Find, goto and replace all go to the same spot anyway, a tabbed dialog box with these designations as the tab so it's easy to move back and forth. Below, we see this tabbed dialog box set for goto. The picture below is an example of this.

As indicated above, this is now set to move to page 4. Try it. Once in page 4, use -2 as an entry for page and notice how it does the math. Entries of + or - are used as incremental increases and decreases. Let's do the same for lines. use 200 as a starting point and then -100 and incremental.

A corollary to goto is a bookmark which sets a position in your document and allows you to return to that position. The position is fixed as far as subject is concerned - it is not fixed as far as page or line given that you could be changing your document before and after setting a bookmark. Move down the document until you see the paragraph heading, first year episodes. Book marks will not accept blanks (space bar entries). At this point we are going to set up a book mark designated as first_year. There are several ways to do this, but use the insert ribbon/bookmark entry. As you put this in, the add button will become enabled. Entries of bookmarks are not printed - they are for the writers use. This bookmark is now available for you to access from any point in the document. Let's use the goto dialog box for this. Goto goto and click on bookmark and first_year will be a part of this. Click on this and you will be sent to that location. You can also go to a bookmark location through this bookmark control on the insert tab. It also contains a goto ability. At the right, I have shown you the inclusion of the book mark.

Another thing we would like to deal with is search and search and replace. Large documents are exceedingly difficult to find things in and find makes it somewhat easy. Again, this is one of the tabs of goto/find/replace. Although we won't consider them, there are multiple options for a search (or find as Microsoft calls it). One is case significance which we will ignore. An other is whether this text to be found is an entire word or not. Another option is by sound as to what it sounds like. We are going to do a very chocolate and vanilla search. Move to the top of the document and let's find the first instance of James Bond. You should find this on page 9. You could use f3 to continue the search and the system would continue to find James Bond moving down the document. After the last appearance, you would be told that it could not find any more.

Now, what about changing words throughout a document. This is the duty of replace. Let's try this: replace all the instances of James Bond with your name (how exciting is that). There are two options: replace one at a time or en masse (for all). let's do these all at once.

We are now about to go through a series of advanced concepts pertaining to word. The first will be the inclusion of footnotes. Now, the term footnote envelpes two explanatary vehicles - a footnote and an endnote. Footnotes are placed at a point between the end of the page and the footer on the page they are invoked. Endnotes occur at the end of the document. We are going to start with footnotes and then convert these back and forth to and from endnotes (although you can go to endnotes directly). Footnotes are found in the reference tab.

Before invoking this, how and why do we use these. Let's assume this was a different document about Ian Fleming and we would like to inform the reader that Ian Fleming was the grandson of the richest man in England, Robert Fleming.I've just written this as such an explanation. Did you notice that you were forced to read through this info. A footnote (or endnote) is at the bottom (or end) of the page/document and the reader has the choice of whether and when to look at this allowing for more readability of yuor document.

Okay, let's start out with a footnote on Helen Hayes. known as the first lady of the American Theater. This is exactly the footnote we want to place at the bottom of the page. Find the text Helen Hayes in this document and position your cursor at the end of this text. Use the insert ribbon to find insert footnote and press that. You will find that a spot opens up at the bottom of the page and you can example of this to your right.

We want to set up another footnote. Let's go back to the beginning of the document and find the text, Leonard Freeman. Freeman was the producer of The Untouchables during the 1960's and we should footnote that. Now look at the designation for Freeman's footnote. It is 1. But this number was used in the Helen Hayes footnote. Like many different things in this document Word keeps track of numbers such as this and sets them accordingly. Helen Hayes' footnote has been set to 2 given that it is now the 2nd footnote in the document.

Remember endnotes. Let's set the footnotes as endnote. You might as well do this as easily as possible. Move to the closest footnote and right click. Choose note options and then the button convert. You choice will be to move from footnotes to endnotes. Below, is a composite picture of these chioces.

We now have endnotes. Notice the difference in numbering. Defaults are that our nornmal numbering is used for footnotes, roman numerals are used for footnotes although you can change this if you want. Below, we can see the footnotes converted to endnotes located together at the end of the document. In class, we probably will return these to their footnote location.

Now, in this document is a picture of Jack Lord on the first page. Pictures are the beginnings of objects that we will be studying. The picture has been set into the document and, as a matter of fact, is part of the document in terms of what Microsoft calls a meta file. This is being shown to you even though the underlying jpg file is not on this web site. Let's take a look at the possibilities of pictures in MS Word. First, how does the picture lay out? There are several possibilities that we can use. To start this procedure out, click on the picture and you will see a set of handles. Co-incident with these handles, the format tab becomes visible. In the format tab are quite a bit of controls. One of which is text wrapping. Click that and you will see something like what's to the right.

When you insert pictures into a document, the pictures come in as in line with text. It looks at the picture as a very large character. Options now include square and tight which we'll be using. Other options which we will show you include in front of text which is self explanatary, top and bottom which moves your picture between text. We will also show you behind text but you have to be careful on this as you must be able to access the picture if you plan to change the text wrapping options again. At one time, more layout options were important, but this version of Word adds quite a bit of controls to you that you can access on the format ribbon. Let's set the picture to in line with text as we show you another layout possibility.

To the left of text wrapping is position where you have 9 positions available to you on any page to set this picture. Think of a 3 by 3 matrix where the page is divided left, middle, right and top, middle and bottom. Automatically, the system will assume square (or tight) as to text wrapping when you select a picture

Below we can see the result of top,middle and you can the selection of position to do this. Position is similar to font and point size in terms of preview. It will move the picture around but leave it in its previous position if you don't make a choice.

Microsoft has added additional controls for positioning in terms of align. Assuming you have the latitude, you can set longitudal left center and rights. In the case of latitute that is set, you can set top, middle and bottom. Notice, that you can use align to margin and align to page to control some of the movement.

You can also deal with rotation of the picture. The easiest way is to grab the green control at the top of the picture. Spin it around as a example. Or, use rotate on the ribbon.

A nice feature in past versions was cropping except that you did not know where it was. Well, you can see it on the ribbon at the far right and it includes the ability to control the height and width of a picture. Let's deal with cropping first. Click the cropping tool and you will see the picture bordered by cropping indicators. Move your cursor to any one of these and the cursor melds in to the control. Move it in and you will start to crop (a photographer's term for cutting) and move it out and you will gain margin. Let's get back to where we were. Another form of cropping is wrap points and we should show you that at this point. Go back to text wrapping and select tight. Now, back into text wrapping and you will see edit wrap points. This is adding additional margin with more control. On the red border, use you mouse to grab hold of the line and draw it in or out (we'll use out in class) Notice the red perferation. When done, you have set a line where text will not encroach around the picture. Below we have an example of this: we have used wrap points to add spacing to the right. In it, we have added a text box and a call out. You can also see the selection of wrap points on the ribbon. Reember, of course, to have selected tight as a selection for text wrapping.

If you click the picture, you will see a bordering effect called handles. There are 8 handles around each picture and you can use the corners to manipulate both height and width. Handles between corners can be used to change either height or width. Keep in mind, such changes of just one direction will modify something called aspect. Aspect is the ratio between height and width of a picture or any object. It is best not to change this. So, if aspect is not to be changed, look at the size group (where crop was) at the far right of the format ribbon. If you change height (or change width) you will notice that the aspect is maintained during these changes.

Let's look at the middle section of the format tab designated as picture styles. This will not show up when you are in compatible mode. Since this document is in a docx format, we see everything. There are many styles to choose from and the picture below shows this as we choose a type of oval.

On the picture above, notice a slight 3D effect and a slight reflection. You can do this yourself using picture effects. This gives you the possibility of shadowing, reflection, glow (a type of shadowing),bevel and 3-d. We will try a few in class. but keep in mind that these effects are constrained when in compatibility mode

Look far left and there are a few more controls most of which have limited use. Recolor will put a tint over the picture in general but can be used for other purposes including black and white cariacuture. Brightness and contrast, which existed in other versions, adds a washout or color contrast option for you if need be. We'll show you some effects but most are used for advanced photographic techniques.

Let's add another picture into this mix on the same page - the first page. before we start, click somewhere on text because the system makes the assumption that you want to replace any objects with handles at the time of insertion. Click here to see "jackandsean.jpg" and save this into your my pictures folder. Now, use insert/picture to bring this into the first page. Notice that it comes in in line with text. Change text wrapping for this picture to tight and move it just below the Jack Lord picture. We are about to play around with multiple objects. What we can do here, we can do, within reason, with any situation of multiple objects. In my case, wrap points and the objects within the wrap points section will not be included. The picture below show both pictures selected and in the process of being moved.

There are many objects to insert to choose from and you can see these choices on the insert tab. One such object is word art and let's invoke that. Pick any of the choices and type in the following: CIS103 celebrates Jack Lord and Sean Connery. When done, you will notice that this has come in siimilar to a new picture - in line with text (or between text). The format ribbon is sgain available. Set this to tight text wrap and move this appropriately. Look at the format ribbon. It should look similar to what we saw with the picture format and it is. Some controls have been modified to handle some of the unique aspects of Word Art. Even at the handles and borders, notice a green and yellow control. The green is for rotate as seen before, the yellow is for narrowing.

With our knowledge of text wrapping, let's go down a few pages and set text wrapping to tight for the now third picture. We have 3 pictures and it wouldn't be a bad idea at this moment to show you something out of the references ribbon. We are about to caption each picture and create a table of figures. Word has a set of these type of things and we should start to look at these as we deal with more objects. So, we start with the creation of a table of figures.

Like many things, Word keeps track of counts as far as items and object are concerned. In this case, Word is keeping track of captions, a term used when pictures are given some documentation or commentary. Move onto the third picture, of Kam Fong. Click to show the handles. Click insert caption. Fill this in in a similar manner to what is shown below. Notice the designation of figure 1.

Now, what we've asked for is a caption with Kim Fong of Hawaii 50 as its text and it will sit below the picture. Captions are nothing more than extended textbox and we will discuss text boxes later. They have a bluish border and once set, can be moved by the user wherever the user wants assuming that legitamate text wrapping is in play. If the picture is in line with text, the caption becomes difficult to deal with. Let's say okay to this.

Move up to the second picture, the one with Jack Lord and Sean Connery. Again, let's set a caption. Are you surprosed: the caption says figure 1. Why is this? Because the previous caption 1 is now caption 2. Finally, up to the topmost picture. We need a caption of "Jack Lord of Hawaii 50". This time, for a change, set the text box above the picture just ot see what happens. The result, it's above the picture.

Now, work your way to the end of the document and the easiest method to do this is ctrl end. We are about to create a table of figures, Such a table indicates the figure no and the caption for that picture. We get to this by the control next to insert caption - insert table of figures. Click on this. You will get some preview info about how this will look. In addition, you will get an option whether to use hyperlinks or not. This is just a document and we want page number so click that option button off. When ready, click okay. I used a distinctive designation for font style on this so mine looks like the following

Now, what if we have a document that is going to be put on the internet or sent to someone by Email. Hyperlinks, which we turned off just previously, provide a way of linking your reader to another web site. This is used quite often in Email and outlook and the same technology used in outlook is available to you in Word. To do this exercise, we'll combine two things here. The first one, find the first instance of James MacArthur. Let's use the find option for this. Now, once you have found this, with James MacArthur still highlighted, click the insert tab and the hyperlink option. The text description ast the top will indicate James MacArthur. We will put into the bottom location, indicating web address, www.jamesmacarthur.com, which is his official web page. As you come back, you will see the text underlined in blue. right clicking will give you multiple hyperlink (internet) options and clicking this will send you to that web site. By the way, for your own info, you have created a "cookie" on your system indicating this location and if you want, you can find this entry deep within your file structure.

In real life you might want to add a title to this. Move your cursor over the table of contents and try to select a letter. You can't - it's all or nothing. With all, you could delete this. What if you add new pictures and captions. At one time, Word tried to automatically add these captions to a table of figures. In this version, however, you click your right button while over the table of figures and choose update field. Table of figures (generally designated as TOF) is a macro as far as Word is concerned and acts this way (all or nothing) because of that. We are about to see two other macros that act accordingly.

As indicated, this document is made up of a series of pages from the web. You can see the titles of these throughout the document. They have been set as Times new Roman 18. We could look at all of these as titling a component of the document and in some way act as a navigation tool as I could direct you to a section of the document by saying - find the portion of the document indicated by "Biography of Jack Lord". In previous versions, these titles had to have a particular style, a topic we have not discussed as of yet. This version divorses style from what is called level allowing an easier use of two concepts: table of contents (TOC) and docuemnt map.

Look at the first paragraph, overview. We can see that this is Times Roman 18. Look at the paragraph dialog box and you will see that the outline level is body text. Now, for what we need, this and similar titles should be level1. But before we do this, we need to be able to see the effect. On your view tab, click document map and there should be no entries.

Again, let's position ourselves at the first paragraph. On the home tab, select the select control over at the far left. Now, click the selection titled select text with similar formatting. All of our titles should be selected and you can see this as you go down the document. Now,at overview, open up the paragraph dialog box and change outline level to level 1. You might as well indicate centered as far as alignment also. Don't forget to indicate OK. Now, test this out by invoking document map. Look different? One problem stands out. Casting should be a subset of the previous header. ove to casting and change this to level 2. Try document map again and it should look like what is to your right in the web page

Physically, what is document map. If talking from a user standpoint in Windows, one could call it a window possibly but it really doesn't have that effect. If on the internet, this is indicated as a frame and frame technology, although to some degree passe, is used throughout the web. In fact, there are many aspects of www.ccp.edu which use frame technology. From a programmer's standpoint this is a panel where it is subserviant to the window that governs Word but has many of the characteristics. Whatever it is, you can use this for navigation. Click any title and you will move to it in the main window.

Sixth Lecture, July 28, 2010

We didn't finish as much as we would have liked last lecture, so we continue with Word again. This, however, is the last lecture in Word and, I hope, by 12:00 today to be onto other things. I have set some tutorials for you and I will begin to set the test for you probably on Friday, 7/30/10. At that point we will need you to have signed on to the snap2007 web site and you will have until August 10th (or therabout) to do the test.

To start today, we need the file as it was modified last time. Click here to load up the file as we finished last time. And, you may remember that your instructor screwed up the [icture we were to insert. You can access this picture by clicking here.

Document map was put into Word to make word compatible with internet browsers. The word component that most resembles this is a tables of contents. Table of contents are put at the beginning of a document generally on a first blank page. We do not have such a page at the moment, but this is easily resolved. The fastest way to handle this is by clicking the following three keyboard commands: Ctrl Home, Ctrl Enter, Ctrl home. Ctrl Enter is the key to create a page break. Ctrl Home, as you are already aware, takes you to the home - top - position of the document. You can also handle this in this version of word by using ctrl home to go to the top of the document and then in the insert ribbon click blank page.

Now, on the new first page, (and remember that you may have to "reformat" things like table of figures to get the right page numbers to show) enter the reference ribbon and click table of contents. You have some choices especially on what this is to be named. Should it be table of contents or just contents. You can decide. Clicking one of these two will produce a table of contents. There are controls both through your mouse (right click) and on the screen to update this field and you will need to do this when changes occur per page layout so it's best to do this at the end.

Similar to document map, table of contents provides for navigation. Using ctrl-click on an entry will move you to that entry. Below, having played with ruler to modify the layout, is my table of contents (TOC) for this document. Notice that casting is indented. There are several levels available in the outline level. level 2 acts as a sub chapter and level 3 as a tertiary chapter. Set casting to level 2 and you will duplicate what we have here.

Now, while we are at the beginning of the document, let's add a component that only exists in this version of Word and that is a cover page. We are in the docx file structure and so all effects will be seen. Keep in mind, though, that cover page is affected by the doc format and loses some capability in compatible mode. Now, since the system knows this is a cover page, there is no need to make provision for it or to move up to it. The first control on the insert ribbon handles this for you. Click that and you will see a set of formats. These formats correspond with the formats we will see in headers and footers as we proceed to those topics. Click Mod and you will get a new first page consisting of the mod theme although there are plenty of themes to choose from. Notice that there are several things that you can enter to add to this. Parts of this are picked up through the properties section of the document. For today, I have set some properties and you will see that some info is showing that is found in properties. Some info is missong and let's add it. Date would be such an example where the microsoft calendar control will produce the date needed.

Where is the program picking this up. You can find this yourself in quick parts since there are a set of objects designated as cover pages. With a new first page, every other page is further from the beginning. How has word handled this?

Well, we had warned you that in this version not everything is updated. Take a look at your table of contents, now on page 2. It does not look as if the page numbers were updated and we can do this by right clicking and selecting update field and then either of the two possibilities.

While we are up here, the smart thing to do would be headers and footers but I would like to save that to the end of our discussion. Move down to a paragraph designated as about the pilot. Underneath this is what is called a table. The formatting of these tables has become much more sophisticated than in prior versions. To begin our discussion of tables, let me indicate that this web site has a tutorial for tables. Depending on time, we may do this in class but probably I will incorporate this in my lecture using data in the document but for your own studying you can access that tutorial by by clicking here.

Notice that the info after first season is similar to what we have in the table. Let's take the first 5 of these and set them into a representative table. We are going to do heading in a table also. What are the heading: number, name and description. Now to start, position your cursor beneath first season. Use the insert ribbon and click table. Follw what is indicated below:

Now, click to accept. We will use each row to indicate an episode. Use cut and past to move the info into the row. Below, you will see an example of this. Leave the first column blank. When done, it should look like what's below.

Tables are zoned so that you can make changes to specific rows, columns or cells. Highlight column 3 and decrease the font size. Put numerics (by use of numbering) in column 1 and set bullets in column 3. Notice, this is the only time when multiple bullets and/or numbering can be used on a line. Insert a first row - your instructor will show you how - and insert the titles as indicated above. Below is the table as it look now with modifications to font styles and point size

Let's finish the table. This version of Wored has significantly modified what used to be known as table format. You'll notice that there are two tabs added whn in a table. So far we've used design. Now, let's use layout. What do we have as charracteristics of this table. There is no summations of any kind. There is no row header (known as first column) here. There is colum headers. Click the appropriate checkboxes and the system will provide the type of formatting possible. Below, I've chosen a possibility as you can see allowing for banding.

By the way, why are tables important. Besides the fact that they allow you to extend formatting, keep in mind that microsoft is using these concepts also. We had a table of figures and a table of contents above. These really are tables and Microsoft uses these concepts in its codong as well. And, speaking of Microsoft's own coding of tables, there are two more we should consider.

The first is table of index. This is a cross reference for events, people or concepts mentioned in the document. Let's create one for the following people. both fictional and real. Let's find Helen Hayes, James MacArthur, Kan Fong, Jack Lord and Steve McGarrett. Now, let's do this in the easiest of manners. You can make this complicated. but if you follow what I am about to tell you, it's very easy. We are about to use two dialog boxes in conjunction with each other. The second one. called Mark edit, will pick up info from the first which is our old favorite, the find dialog box. Start this procedure with finding Helen Hayes in find. Once found, move into references and click the mark entry button. A dialog box will appear updated by the find dialog box - in other words Helen Hayes should appear in the Mark Entry dialog bax as indicated to the right.

Click Mark all and you will notice that every location where we see Helen Hayes will have a cross reference indicator. The one drawback to this is that format is slightly affected on the screen although there is no effect as far as printing is concerned as this crsoo reference info does not print. Now, click on the find dialog box again and enter the next name. Find that, click on Mark Entry and Mark Entry should be updated. Again, click on mark all. Now, when done, we are ready to create a table of contents. Let's put this on a new last page. To do this quickly, click ctrl End, Ctrl Enter. You don't even need another Ctrl End although it will have no effect. In the refernce tab, click insert index and choose a style. Below, you can see an example of this

Another table type object will correspond to what the Librarian, Carol Jewett, will be discussing when she is here in several weeks and that is citing sources. This version of Word provides for this again to be found in the reference tab. I went on the internet and found the following books about this series

let's use this info to create a bibliography. First, you will this info into manage sources as a set of entries. When that's done, we will create a bibliography at the back of the document.

I promised to show Maria how to insert a picture. We will do this 2 ways as explained in class. But before that, we have one more thing to discuss and that is headers and footers. We'll insert these both in terms of previous versions and the templates that are available with this version. But, first we have to discuss all, odd and even pages as they are looked at in the publishing industry to get a full effect of these.

Look at most books and you will see two different headers and footers. Those on the left pages, those on the right. The first page can also be unique. Now keep this in mend as we deal with headers. Either double clicking in the header area (or using the insert tab/header, edit header (or using a quick part immediately), we are in the header buffer. Now look at the options of the header and footer tab. These include abilities to insert dates - which we looked at during a previous problem - and the ability to insert page numbers. Under the header & footer group there are a set of quick parts components that resemble themes. As a matter of fact, this will end up being quite true as we look at other components and see similar themes.

This makes this part difficult for teaching. Most users still do headers the older way, putting in the components themselves. Yet, this version of Word, allows for a significant upgrade into creating headers. So, your instructor is going to show it both ways. We will start with the following - trying to create a header that looks as it does below

Lecture for 8/2/2010

Note: as indicated above: Your test should be active by time we meet. Contact me if this is not the case. You need to be on the snap2007 account to see and do the test.

This week, it is on to Excel, the second of the office components we will discuss. Excel. being a spreadsheet, can do almost everything well. It's a tie in to the rectilinear thinking that most of us deal with naturally and it allows us to use this package to solve many different problems.

Your instructor should discuss the following points with you about excel as we start

• Similarities (and differences) of the ribbon structure to Word
• Navigation around a spreadsheet
• Use of multiple spreadsheets (What Microsoft calls a workbook)
• Bias in entering data - what's horizontal and what's vertical
• Types of data that can be entered per cell - numeric, alpha and formula
• Selection of multiple cells and use of ranges

Throughout our discussion of Excel we should be doing multiple problems demonstrating it's use. You, as a student, should be doing these problems at home and/or outside of class alone to build up your expertise. Your test will be in class doing problems siilar to what we are doing together.

For this week's class, let's do the handout - the Big V auto dealership which you can access below

In dealing with this problem, we are starting our discussion of the nuts and bolts of excel. Starting from addressing we can deal with:

• Relationship logic which leads to absolute and relational addressing. Besides giving examples of this in class, you can click here to bring down a word file with a discussion on this.
• fills (which act as copies in Microsoft word)
• Using ranges, determine sums, averages, counts, maxs and mins
• Discuss the use of Ifs. Note: Excel has become in reality a programming language whose face is what you see. In programing languages, if statements provide the beginnings of code control. In Excel, if statements are a basis of controlling the logic of data.

The hardest part of this is understanding relational addressing. Keep in mind that when you put =a2+1 into a cell, excel does not set this as the specific cell a2. if uses an offset to tell itself how many rows and columns from the entered cell a2 is. If you in a4 while putting in =a2+1, excel sets this as a offset of =2 rows, 0 columns. If you are in a1 and set =a2+1, the offset is 1 row, 0 column. If in c2, the offset to =a2+1 is 0 row, -2 columns and in the case of g5, the offset is -3 rows, -6 columns. It is this offset that is used for relationships. In the case of absolute addressing, =$a$2+1 for instance, a2 is always used.

If you understand relational vs absolute addressing, excel becomes very easy. A 2000 line item table is as simple as dealing with a 5 line item table with the only difference being the physical need to move through the line items. To this effect, Microsoft has developed the new construct, table, to even deal with this. Now, in class, before dealing with the problem for the day, your instructor will show you some examples.

We are going to look at a problem that your instructor has previously done in classes. By time we're done, we will have done many of the techniques discussed in the first 3 chapters of the excel portion of your book. But before we start, you must understand that the use of Excel has evolved over the years. The problem we are doing, and the techniques your book describes at the beginning are circa 1985 in its use. Today, excel is used as a supplement to database info (and similar type situations). There is an expectation that raw data is already available in some form (generally from a database although your instructor deals professionally with a set of problems where data is generally kept on excel spreadsheets) and that this information will need at minimum something called subtotaling. Once this is done, Excel's excellent chart (graph) tools finish up the project.

However, for our first problem, we are looking at entering our own data and this data has already been subtotalled. Nevertheless, this problem should give us an idea about entering data and formulas, looking at the normal bias of excel, use of ranges and fills, use of various functions and the use of graphs.

One addition for this term. Your instructor will attempt at the end of this problem, the Big V Auto dealership, to show you how to handle a low level date calculation.

So, if your instructor has not given you a handout - or you are going over what was done in class - let's bring up this problem and first discuss it in terms of what you know business to be and to need as far as information is concerned and then we'll start to apply some excel on it. Click here for the Big V auto dealership

Lecture 8 for 8/4/10

Click here to load the file as we left it on Monday

Let's discuss several things pertaining to the lecture of last week (as I write this). here are some points:

• Students should deal with Excel on a heads up basis continually polling the data as indicated on the screen to see if it makes sense. As an exapmle, let's assume you are doing a social security problem. Someone has a salary of 50,000. Social security cannot be 350,000 or thereabouts. This is a tip off that your calculation is wrong and it is probably the percentage applied to social security.
• Remember that there are two factors when looking at any cell: what's behind it (in the formula bar) and what is shown. It is only an accomodation to you that excel at any time shows the formula underlying the cell within the cell. It is probably easier to train your mind and hands to deal with all formulae (formulas) in the formula bar.
• When using excel, you should train your mind to look at relationships. This really means going past one cell and considering many. This concept of studying many cells leads to the use of relationships.
• And speaking of relationships, always consider how excel will interpret your formula. If you put in a formula accessing b1 in d1, consider that excel interprets this as the cell two columns to the left from d1. Therefore, when you "copy" that formula into another cell, the interpretation remains as two cells to the left.

Having said all that, let's look at the last thing done last week on this problem and that was the totals created in row 7. Let's assume we are at the point of the creation of these totals. Our spreadsheet would look like what's at the right.

Now, you should ask yourself: what is similar about setting totals in b7, c7, d7 and e7. Notice that this is not a question that we ask of each cell. We attempt to pose a question pertaining to a number of cells. he answer should also be generalized. Look at what you are attempting to solve as a matter of offsets of location. So, therefore, under thee assumptions, the answer for b7 is the sum of the cells above it. Likewise for c7,d7 and e7.

Okay. Now you have to pose to yourself: what is the easiest way of describing the cells above b7. Is the formula =b1+b2+b3+b4+b5+b6 the best way. What if we had 600 line items as opposed to 6. Would this be feasible? And, if feasible, would we want to provide this type of formula but for 600 cells as opposed to 6?

By now, you should have concluded that use of range would be easier, And how do we sum a range in excel. First we need to describe the range which is the "extreme" cells. In this case the farthest out cells are b1 and b6. Our range is therefore b1:b6. But we need a function to do this summing. The best candidate is sum(). Remeber, we have to include the = sign so excel understands that this is not text. Our result is =sum(b1:b6)

The picture to the right shows the entry of this formula in b7. Notice the auditing trail as the system outlines the cells n question - those in the range - in blue. Visually you can verify if this is what you want.

How about for c7, d7 and e7. It would not be incorrect to try the same procedure in those 3 cells. It would be wasteful of time. Those cells represent the same relationships with cells above them. The fastest procedure at this point would be to copy the relationship established in cell b7 (which is sum up all the cells above it) into c7,d7 and e7. You can see this below.

• Insert a new first row and use this to lable columns
• We've already dealt with sums. And, by the way, there is an automated way of getting a column sum which we will show in the future. But, we want to consider the question of average, max and min for any columns
• Average displays a result that is not consistent as far as decimal points. What do we have that will deal with the formatting of a cell?
• It would be nice to show this as a chart (Microsoft's nomenclature for graph). What columns are we looking to graph and what graphs are there?
• Although we only have 5 columns and 10 or so rows, not everything should be shown to everybody. How can we hide information from someone. We will do this by grouping.
• What about sorting this informatuion. Could we show this list alphabetically. How about by most sales first?

You can insert a row (or column) by clicking the row (or column) where the insertion should be, then clicking your right button of your mouse and clicking insert. In excel operations, you are guaranteed that an insert will not alter data. This does not apply to delte I might add and be aware that it is possible to affect a spreadsheet's data by delete. If this happens, you should immediately undo. Look to the right to see an example of the start of inserting a row.

Now, once you have the inserted row, what you do. Let's create column headers and, by the way, whe we created totals these are normally called column totals. This will nvolve several things including column width and what you can do with this. But even before starting this, keep in mind that excel deals with extended width differently between numeric and text. A value that is numeric that cannot fit within a column width will be altered slightly to attemp to show it. If the system can change it into scientific notation, it will. If it can cut down decimal points, it will until it gets to the integer. Now, if it still doesn't fit, the sysem will show pound signs such as #########

Text is worked differently. It will bleed into the next cells on the right assuming these have not been entered. If they have been entered, the text will be truncated. Now, with his info, let's enter the columns headers. 1 to 5 should be name, sales amount, fixed, commission and total salary. Ignore the question of whether the column header is too big for the column.

Here's our option. Your instructor will show you how to increase column length by manipulating the column divider. Another way is to use column autofit which we wll also do. The final way is to invoke some of what we learned in Word. We will do this using word wrap as you will see. We my even add rotation into this mix.

When done with text, let's do average, max and min. Luckily, the software experts at Microsoft have included functions designated as =average(), =max() and =min() into excel. All we need to do is provide the correct ranges. Now, again, we are going to do this professionally. The range for B should be b2:b7, is that not correct. Similar ranges will be required for C,D and E. Let's skip a row (probably 9) and calculate the average for each column as well as the max and the min using relationships as much as possible.

Let's talk format. It looks like we have different decimal points on different calculations. Should we go to 2 decimal or integer? Whatever we decide, how do we do this. The home tab has a section in the middle for manipulating number format. We will use this section to look at both 2 decimal places and integer.

Hopefully, we are not at break when we get to this because it would be nice to resolve the entire problem today. Let's consider hiding some columns. Hide and show columns have been in existance since the 80's. We however are going to use groupings for both columns and row. Your instructor should have the necessary experise to pull this off, but we'll see

Let's graph this. We need to show salesman with salary. What would be better: a pie chart or a bar chart? any other chart? Your instructor will discuss these options and show you how to chart

Ninth Lecture, August 9, 2010

On to the next problem in Excel. By popular demand, we will do the books of Ian Fleming, who also happens to be your instructor's favorite author even after all these years. It is appropriate to be doing this problem as Thursday, August 12th, will mark the 46th anniversary of Fleming's death while on a golfing holiday in central England. And as you can see above, it also allows your instructor to fill this web site with pictures that come from the movies of the same name derived from the Fleming books and this apparently is not the only web site he has done this to.

For your own information, Ian Fleming was the grandson of the richest man in England for a time, Robert Fleming, who made his money speculating on American railroads in something akin to the Internet bubble of years past. His grandson was a fascinating individual and more so than the character he created, he was unique in his view of things and his ability to weave a tale. His books were vere very popular in the early 1960's in this country and they remain the personal favorites of your instructor. While there are many biographies of Fleming, your instructors perceptions were the basis of the documentation of the "kicker" of a CD which, if you are interested, you can find at the bottom of web page accessed by clicking here.

Our first problem is to move over this data in Word to Excel. You can access the word document by clicking here.

This Microsoft word document purports to track the sales of the Fleming books world wide in 1964. This concept of large amounts of information broken down by category and represented by line items is a contempory one - this is done every day as databases use Excel as adjunct calculators. The descrption of this concept is lacking in most books including the one we are using for this class.

Let's copy over the data. Move over the word table and click the icon at the top/right. This should select he entire word table. There are other ways of doing this but this is the fastest. Click copy. The clipboard has the capability of manipulating data into a fromat designated as sylk. This format is perfect for data in tables and this is what is occurring to this data inside the clipboard. Now open up a new excl wookbook and on the first sheet, click paste while your cursor is in A1. The data comes back, but the only drawback is that the columns retain their default width.

All right, here's the data. Notice that the book titles are repeated a number of times and each time we see a different combination of continent and distribution point. We are going to do this problem three different ways, so to help the process, repeat this copy to sheet2 and sheet3. On Sheet1 we will be doing an old fashioned concept called subtotals. Sheet 2 will see our use of pivot tables. Sheet 3 will be the new table construct. Let's return to sheet1.

We need to calculate the profit for each line item and then propogate this through the data. What calculation are we talking about. You have a number of books by a specific title being distributed, Some are returned and therefore not sold. Each return is at a cost. The books sold are the books distributed minus the books returned. Each of these is at the profit level shown at the end of the line item. The returns are at a cost of 50 cents apiece. Calculate the net profit for each line item applicable to book distribution and book return.

Now, let's copy this relationship down through all the line items. When you are done, your spreadsheet should look something like below.

I have given the new column a title of profit per book and set this new column to 2 decimal places

Now, let's get the books names together. We can do this by a sort. Sorts have changed in Excel for this version. For our purposes, we need do as little as indicate a cell within a column and then click sort. Notice, all the book names havec been moved together. We could have sorted in reverse order by clicking Z to a. We need this congregation because we are about to invoke subtotals. The concept of subtotals goes back before WWII, which is a long tome in data processing. Tab operators used sorters to accomplich the same thing we will do. What was the concept. Organize data and give subtotals on breaks of data. What is a break? A change in value. The first column is set for this.

For the section 36 class, you can load where we left off on Wed. by Clicking here. We need to know the books distributed, the books returned and the profit for each book. At a break in the book, we need these subtotals. Wouldn't be so bad either if we could get a full total of all the books sold world wide.

A warning is necessary on this. Most students when doing this in a test, forget to do their sort. Or if sorting, use thec wrong column. You must think about the ultimate data you want. The Fleming heirs are asking the accountants for a breakdown by book title. It would be counterintuitive to assume that anything else in this spreadsheet should be sorted, for example, how would we resolve the Fleming's request if we sorted on continent. Continent would be viable if the Fleming's had requested information by continent, but this not their request.

Anyway, we are almost done with this problem. On the data ribbon you should see subtotals. Let's click this and enter the info as indicated below. We want to create subtotals based on book names and need subtotals where te names change. We want t sum our results and you can;t mix and match i.e. it's either sum or average or multiply for every column chosen, and finally, what columns to do these calculations on. So, below left, we have prepped subtotals in its dialog box. Below right you can see the results which we will talk abou below these pictures.

Notice that the columns chosen in the dialog box are summed for each book. The best way to look at subtotals is by the controls to the left. Click 1 and you will see only the totals. Click 2 to see the subtotals for each book and 3 is back to both line items and totals. Click 2 again, We can sort these but we need to use some smarts in doing this because we do not want to move grand totals out of its position. This is easiest done by getting this row outside of the table. Insert a row at grant total so that grand total is separated by a null line. Let's sort by profit similar to what we did before. Further, let's make a graph for the flemings. Remember what we did for the Big V auto dealership. You can create a graph the same way. And we can group the same way,

Tenth lecture, August 11, 2009

Later today we will really deal with formatting, but what if you want to apply a border. Let's do this for the total as your instructor will show. A nice double line in red is what I'm aiming at although we will probably end up with a line in blue also. Bordering is done though format cells - it is one of the tabs. If you have what is known in mathematics as a vector, the system will recognize this and allow you to border only the far locations, If a matrix, the inner locations will also become available to you. Below, we see the use of this dialog box (applied against the totals) and the results.

During the spring semester, we extended this problem into a multi spreadsheet discussion. We will not have the time. So, for our class, we are going to add 2 extentions to this problem. One, we will both . One, I will do to show you how to "program" excel.

The one we are going to do will utilize an if statement. If statements are an important aspect of computer programming and this concept is one of the 3 rules of John Von Neumann in defining what we designate as computers today. The If statement tests a condition and if true shows one thing, if false shows another. There is no fuzzy logic (and that's the term for this) involved. Something is true if it meets the condition by .0000001 or 1000000. False is a similar situation.

Now, what are the operators that govern the if statement. Testing can involve equal and not equal designated as = and <>. We can have less than and extend this to less than or equal designated mathematically as < and <=. Finally, for what we can do for less than, we have the greater than equivalent mathematically designated as > and >=.

Let's look at some examples: Suppose we want to test whether A1 contained the number 1000 and indicate a 1 in c3 if true or a 0 in c3 if false. Put a 1000 in A1 on a blank spreadsheet. Move your cursor to c3. In C3, put the following code =if(a1=1000,1,0). You should a result of 1 in c3. Change A1 to 999.999. This does not equal 1000 and you should see a 0. Try this with 1000.001 and you will get the same result. Now, let's work on the if statement some more. Change this to =if(a1=1000,"Y","N"). Things in double quotes in this system are considered as text and have no value as far as the cell is concerned but may have values as far as you eyes are concerned. If you have 1000 in A1, you should see a Y in C3. Make the same changes as before and excel should respond appropriately. Now, let's further change c3 to the following code: =if(a1=1000,true). Boy, this is different as we don't even have a factor associated with the not true contition. Excel defaults to false under this type of coding and the true we typed becomes a boolean true (the false is likewise boolean) and these can be accessed by true and false. Below, we can see the code for this on the spreadsheet. Try this example using less than (<), less than or equal (<=). greater than (>) and greater than or equal (>=). At the right is this example being done in excel

Back to the bigV problem. We would like to add a bonus to this problem such that those sales people selling 175000 or more in sales receive a $300 bonus for the month. If selling less, there is no bonus. Now, first, the words 175000 or more translate to >=175000 and we start by testing against b2, so our condition to be tested is b2>=175000. Now, if true, we want to display 300, if false, we want to display 0. Now, where should we put this? Probably between the present columns D and E creating a new E and moving the present E to F. Now, let's do that: let's create a new column E. Now remember, in creating a column we are assured that the math will stay the same although the amounts now in E will move to F. Title this column, Bonus, and in E2 put the coding: =if(b2>=175000,300,0). Similar to the other columns, "fill" this down using the crosshair to copy the relationship. The instance of B2 in E2 will change to B3 in E3, etc and this is the basis of copying relationships that we discussed last week. Notice that only the salepeople who have sold more than 175000 receive this bonus. Now, keep in mind, that the total salary has not changed, bonus or not, and we will have to change this to complete this problem. In the meantime, the picture to the right shows our spreadsheet at this moment and arrows have been included to emphasize those cells in B above 175000 and you can see that the appropriate cells in column E contain 300.

Now what about the row totals. We have at the moment =c2+d2 in e2. We can go two ways here. We could finish this off with the following formula =c2+d2+e2. But, c2,d2 and e2 make up the range c2:e2 (or e2:c2 if you prefer). Let's use that with the sum function. Move into f2 and set as the formula =sum(c2:e2). Copy this down through row 7.

To finalize this problem your instructor will show you an additional bonus and in doing so will give a demonstration of the difference between relative and absolute addressing. You are not responsible for this, but it should be interesting to watch where you see the power of excel extended.

Now, back to books of Ian Fleming problem. Load an excel spreadsheet of this problem by clicking here. I have added information to the spreadsheet on sheet2 and sheet3. Notice that sheet2 looks like sheet1 after we did the formula calculating profit for each book and sheet3 looks the way sheet1 did right after copying the table from the microsoft word document. We are about to do this problem by pivot table and You can see a write up on Pivot tables (using excel 2003 in this example) by clicking here

Pivot tables are a upgrade from the cross tabulation concept created in the laste 40's, early 50's. In 1992, what is known as the periodic SQL conventions (designated as SQL'92) set this as a standard to be met in databases. Interesting enough, the first instance of pivot tables being in a product is Excel '97 as pivot tables made it into spreadsheets before databases (although it is firmly entrenched in databases as of now). The 1997 version of pivot tables in excel now seems quite rudimentary and every new version of excel has brought changes. This version is very heads up in the way that you set in data. To start with, keep in mind the locations that this "data" can be put into. For the most part numeric data ends up in the slot designated as data. Descriptive info should go first to Row which will make this a one dimentional pivot table and then to column which makes this a two dimentional data base. The slot "page" is used to make this into what is called "cubes" in high end database work. We will do the books of Ian Fleming as a pivot table at the end of class. Keep in mind that pivot tables are almost self contained. They provide there own ribbons needed for sorting and pivot charts. While we didn't use it, formatting options are also available. There are plenty of math techniques available such as running totals and pivot table data can intermix operators (sums and averages at the same time). In our case, we end up looking like the following:

We will not be able to delve into the styling aspects of pivot tables as much as your instructor would like, but notice that one of the added pivot table ribbons is design. Moving into this, you will something that looks like what we saw with Microsoft tables - a set of pre formatted designs. At the moment, band rows is not set. Click the on and select one of the bottom designs when you click the styles control and you'll come up with something that looks like the picture below.

One thing not memtioned on Wednesday's lecture, but something I should indicate to you here and on Monday, is that you cannot enter info within a pivot table by keyboard. The pivot table is protected and the only way to change things is by layout or refresh, However, cells on this spreadsheet not within the pivot table are avaialble to you and in prior tests sometimes students are asked to use pivot table data to create additional information. In addition, you can put additional info within a pivot table. We can use this example to do such. What if you asked yourself: What is the global percentage for Gildrose for each book. First thing we would need is the addition of books sold around the world on a "subtotaled" basis. Click books distributed and returns on your pivot table and you will see that each book now gives 3 fields, books distributed, returns and net profit. Below we see this.

Two calculations are necessary to determine global average prot per book. First we nned to calculate for each book the number of books sold - distributed minus returned. Then using this number, we divide it into the profit for the book. First things first: let's calculate on the fly the number of books sold. We will call this field 'books sold'. We start this at pivot table option/calculated fields. A dialog box appears and at the bottom are the fields already held within the pivot rable. The default at the top is filed1 and we can replace this by 'books sold'. The formula starts with =0 which you should highlight and then double click 'books distributed' which will show up in the text box. Add a minus sign as we are about to subtract returns. Tp the right you can see this happening.

Now, double click returnsd and you will see returns put after the minus sign. You are indicating to excel to calculate this formula for each book on the fly, in essence. For your info, many databases used to provide for these types of calculations where total info would be manipulated once calculated from the detail info in the database. This is an additional function that Excel has taken from data base theory. Databases still provide this by use of SQl statements, but in many cases it is easier to offload the necessary info into an excel spreadsheet and use tools such as these to derive results. Now click okay and two things will now appear. The calculated function, 'books sold', will show up to the right as a field (at the bottom of the list) and the column, 'sum of books sold', joins the pivot table. We need to move the first math field in the pivot table, to the right past all the other fields. Move your cursor to the values bucket. Grab the indicator for profits and drag it to the bottom below book sold. Below we see the spreadsheet as it looks now.

Now, let's repeat this procedure to calculate the profit per book. Again, click on formula and calculated field. Notice 'books sold' has joined this list and you can use this as you could use any field that originally was part of the pivot table. We need to divide profit per book with books sold for that book. In this dialog box let's start the process by naming this new field, 'profit per book'. In the calculation field, highlight and =0 and double click profit. Set a / for dividing and then double click 'books sold' and then okay. You pivot table should have responded by adding the new field that calculated profit per book for each book on the pivot table. Below we can see this result. Notice, however, that our graph is showing the effects of these additional columns by going in to a type of stacked bar chart. This will be a problem as the pivot chart seems to be limited to dosplaying those fields evident on the pivot table. You could if you want to create your own chart using the insert tab

We are about to do this problem a last time. Move to sheet3. There has been a major advance in excel in this version. In previous versions there was a need to copy down relationships and we ave talked about this. A need to separately sort and we have done that too. Generally, there is a need to select specific line items - this is called filtering - and we haven't done this yet, a need to specify where a table of data ends so that the practice of ctrl alt 8 works correctly and a need to quickly format which in previous versions was called autoformat. Excel handles all of this in one shot. Let's try it on sheet 3. Click format as table, select a design and change F to G as indicated below. We are adding a row to this table. You can see the before on the left. Now, in G on row do, set your formula. As you press enter down it goes. No more drudgery of copying the relationship. This is shown below right.

Notice that all the columns have a contol to the immediate right. Veteran excel users know this to be a sign of filtering. This version does more. Click title for instance and you will see the bottom left. Now, let's try to sort in order and reverse order.Let's pick a few books and only show them. Move to the bottom of this table and click totals in the design header. Notice a total row appears. My own experience is that you can do a no-no here that cannot be done in other versions. You can use the next immediate row and the system will not get confused. This total is shown below right,

Let's show you how easy filtering is. Go to the top and click the control next to profit. Click numeric filter and greater than. A new dialog box will pop up and let's put in 20000. This is what is going on in the picture below which composites these actions.

Notice that only the titles that have profits greater than 20000 are indicated. Even better, and something that cannot be done in prior versions of Excel, the totals have been modified at the bottom. And, by the way, the little indicators at the bottom can be used for adding to the summary capability. Take the column books distributed and apply the sum.

Now, to complete the problem you will notice that the design tab has an insert pivot table option and we are back to creating a pivot table which has been discussed.

Lecture 12, August 16th 2010. Continuation of Excel

Let's do another problem. It is in the midst of baseball season so let's do a baseball problem. Open up the documentation for the CBL. The excel spreadsheet is found by clicking here. Now, Let's do this problem similar to the Fleming problem by first using subtotals. But, we'll just move into the new table construct and resolve it by a pivot table. But, there seems to be a problem here as only one spreadsheet is appearing.

In previous versions, 256 sheets were available for each work book and there is no reason to assume otherwise in this version. In previous versions, the initial amount of sheets visible was an option. The same occurs here as the number of spreadsheets available to a new workbook can be modified although the default is 3. There is no default for existing workbooks and that is the case here. This excel spreadsheet was created from CSV (comma separated values or comma delimited) file which defaults to 1 worksheet when opened in excel. We can, however, modify this by inserting a new worksheet. Move your cursor over the player stats designation and click the right button. You now have several options. Choose insert and worksheet and a new worksheet is inserted before the one you are on. It should be designated as sheet1. Now, move your cursor over sheet1 and press the right button. Use rename to change sheet1 to player stats by table. By the way, by grabbing the sheet and 'lifting it', you can change the order of the sheets.

Now finally, let's copy the info from player stats to player stats by table. We'll use a trick to do this. You may notice that every time we do subtotals or pivot table or other things the system has the ability to determine the extent of the table. We can do the same. Move inside a table and click ctrl, shift 8. Notice that the table is highlighted (and, in fact, additional info may be available at the bottom of the screen). Now, to create the same info on the next sheet, use copy and paste. Copy the cells: move to the next sheets and apply paste. Now, we can attack this problem 2 ways: by subtotal and the new table construct.

Let's work on the fist of these designated as player_stats and by subtotals. For this we will handle only the most home runs, the highest MVP points and the winner of the prestigious Rauer cup. As with the fleming problem, the first thing we have to do is the calculation for each line item -in this case for MVP points. The problem states that each homer is worth 4 points, triples 3, doubles 2, singles are 1, walks are .75. sacrifices and steals are .5 and errors are counted as -3. Let's set that in as a formula as can be seen below

Now, before we go further, over the years excel has added auditing features to the spreadsheet which you can find on the formula ribbon. We did this in the previous problem so this is a review. Click trace precedents and you will see an attempt to tie information together as a line with nodes in each cell used points to the resultant cell, in this case m2. To turn this off, use remove arrows. Below, we see the spreadsheet with trace precedents turned on.

For the novice (and perhaps even the accomplished Excel spreadsheet user) this is an effective way of determining that all the cells needed in the calculation have been used. Remove arrow will end this and you can click that now. To see the formula in a dialog box and watch it calculate serially, click the evaluate formula. Each click of the evaluate button does a calculation and step in shows you the results at that time. This is useful for involved formulas where you are not resolving a problem as you think it should be formulated. This will show you the order of the calculations (this goes back to the precedence order of the mathematical operators) and might give you some insight to what is going wrong. To see all the formulas on the spreadsheet as one time, click show formaulas. To the right is the evalute formula in action. We have stopped it as it is about to calculate the walks part of the MVP points.

Now, let's continue with this problem. Using the double click as discussed in a previous session or copying down, let's fill out the column so that we determine the MVP points for each player. We know, by looking at the documentation, that the player MVP is that player with the highest MVP for the year. We can calculate this pretty easily now by sorting the MVP points column in decreasing order. When you do this you will see that Joseph Stella is our MVP player of the year. How about for the teams in general. Standings are defined as by highest average MVP points. We can do this in subtotals by sorting on team, and setting up for a subtotal on MVP points. Below we can see this in operation.

In essence, now, we are doing the same steps as the Fleming problem to finish this. Click control 2 at the right to see the subtotals per team. Sort the MVP points by descending order to get standing (remember that Excel handles the detail info by moving it with each subtotaled entry as you sort). If you want, you can group out all the columns between the team name and team MVP points. Create a bar (column) graph to show the results visually. Below, we see the final results.

We will do this problem by table construct using sheet2 (which we renamed above). So, let's click in sheet2. In the Fleming problem I told you what parameters to use for establishing the table extents. For this problem we will use Excel's tools to do so. We start with the list of the players as before. In the previous usage of this new table construct, we used the tab insert and the option of table. This time, let's do it a little faster. In the home ribbon, let's click format as ribbon and select a format. Anyone will do and your instructor will allow you to determine which one you want. The same info is asked of you as before, what is the extant, and the system assumes that you have column headers. Let me again remind you that for most of the things we are doing, it is important to have column headers and this class makes that assumption.

Let's start with the top 10 home run hitters in the league. Filtering is now set on and we can use this. We would like to determine the top 10 home run hitters. It could just as easily be the bottom 10 home run hitters: or the top 10% of home run hitters. We are entering the world of SQL, relational database theory. In one of the prior SQL conventions, top 10 and bottom 10 were defined. Excel meets this standard through filtering. At the Home Run column header. click the control and then click number filter. If this was a text column, number filter would be replaced by text filters. There are many options available here, some we may discuss. But, below, you should see the top 10 items.

Choose this option and you will see what is indicated to the right. In class, we'll try a few possibilities but notice that these are not sorted: you asked the system for the top 10 and it showed but you have no guarantee that the top 10 are in order. We can resolve that easily by sorting just these 10 entries. In class, we'll extend this to look at the lowest 10, the top 10% (which for 120 players should display 12 entries) and the lowest 10%. But, another factor comes into play: what if we wanted to see these players numbers visually once we take off the filter. You can do this to some degree by conditional formatting which is very interesting and has been drastically improved in this version. Now, we'll take a subset of this and select green pennant flags for the top 10 home run hitters. Go to the home ribbon and click conditional formatting. Select new rule and choose only top or bottom. As our example, choose top 10 and set the coloring to blue. Below, you can see a composite of this result. By the way, the conditional formating can be used independent of the new table construct and is being used here to show the flexibility of working with excel

Now, we need to create several new columns. One is for MVP points and the other for average. Both are defined in the handout and the link indicated above. TYo do this we need 2 new columns and this can be done in 2 ways. One way is to click the table design ribbon and then resize table. In essence this is what we did in the fleming problem. You would indicate changes to size of the table per column indicators. Another way, what we will do here, is to make use of a new indicator native to this table which can be manipulated. The picture to the right is an attempt to show this by graphics although it is easier to see and do in class. By this technique we will create 2 new columns. The first new column should be designated as Batting average, the second as MVP points. We'll work on batting average first.

Batting average is defined as the number of hits devided by the legal at bats. Hits would be singles added to doubles added to triples added to homeruns. Legal at bats are atbats - sacifices - walks. For each player we are talking about (using column notation) (e+f+g+h)/(d-i-j). For the player on row 2. the formula is (e2+f2+g2+h2)/(d2-i2-j2). Are all these parenthesis needed?. Could we do this in an easier way. Probably not! Remember we have to tell excel the order to do these calculations and the parends are probably necessary given the differences in priority of operation for the pluses and minuses versus the divisions.

Now, we've seen this before. Excel copies this formula down. Now, let's use the table with all it's capabilities. Although not asked, could you quickly indicate the average batting average for a player in this league. You should be able to answer yes to this. Remember, part of formatting includes the total row. Click the total row button in table style options and then at that row for the batting average column, indicate average. Below, you can see this done.

Now, similar to the home run problem, let's determine the 10 best averages. In doing so, let's conditional format so these average show up in green. This is similar to what we did above with home run. But, let's extend filtering. What if we wanted to see the players whose batting average is greater that the average for the league. This is numerical filtering. Now, releasing the filter for top 10 in batting average, let's use the greater than or equal filter with the number .239 (which should be the average. We can see this operation to the right. The result should be those players who average is above or equal to .239. And, in doing this, notice that the excel spreadsheet gives you the average of those whose average is above .239. It is considerably higher at this point.

We've gone about as far as can with batting average. Let's calculate MVP points for each player. Above we have done this and the only difference here is the automatic copy down in effect. Now, again we can use our filtering or sorting capability to determine the MVP player winner - the player with the highest MVP points.

We are ready for the pivot table which we can invoke with summerize by pivot table. I've run out of time in documenting this here, but we will use a pivot table to determine the league winner. This procedure is a one - dimensional pivot table as indicated above. We will move this to two dimension using the left vs right handed batting as the next dimension. We'll play with this a little bit and then deal with a calculated field. What is the average batting average for each team. Above, outside of class, I did this for the fleming problem which you can see above. We will, in essence, duplicate this with this problem by using group numbers to calculate this for each team.

You don't need vast amounts of calculations to do problems using pivot tables. There is a problem that has been done in the last two tests which we could discuss now. Load the 777rauer statistics raw.xlsx file. We will use this file for the purposes of determining group averages. We'll do it by subtotals and by pivot tables. We are aiming at average kilobyte usage for each visit during the months of Sept, Oct and Nov.

Non Lecture 12 for 8/18/10 (corrected from Monday's lecture count)

We have our excel test today. Hopefully you have been studying. We expect the test to run from 9:00 to 11:30 or so. There is about 15 to 20 minutes of administrative work in making sure files created or modified by you have been collected or sent to me. Then, the class is over.

Before making available the files needed for the test, let's provide some of the rules and regs you need for the test.

• Please do your own work. For whatever reason, the excel test in both the fall and spring semester became the basis of some questions leading to F's for several individuals
• You will be creating (or modifying) 3 excel files. The files should be attached to an Email and send to me at 777rauer@voicenet.com and carbon copied to one of your Email accounts so that we can access these files if your Email to me should fail
• I will have my Email on display while the test is going on so you can determine if I have received your Email. Try to stick around until receipt by both your and my account is verified
• In the event that you are not able to Email, I have flash memory with me. Again, it wouldn't be a bad idea in this case to save these files on your own flash memory
• There are 2 tests in operation. Both tests are color coded. Look at the left margin to determine your options or requirements in doing these problems.

Now, below is the files necessary for the test. Although there are 3 files listed, each test needs 2 of these

Lecture 13, August 23

First, I am still marking your tests. You can see both tests and answers in an excel spreadsheet in the test script that I previousdly pointed out to you. You can access this by clicking here and moving to the bottom

Carol Jewett is with us today. She is a librarian assigned to NERC and at both NERC and WERC has given lectures in my classes before on use library resources. Let me make this clear: this is the same lecture as I understand it that is given in the second english composition course and has been moved into this course for student exposure at an earlier time. Your instructor is not responsible for the material any librarian discusses with this class and your instructor is not required to enter into discussions about this material. Now, if Carol reads this, she is going to laugh because your instructor does want to integrate the material from this class into Carol's lecture and where he can he will so interject. But, you should understand, that your instructor could leave the class while any librarian lectures and fulfill his requirement as to this portion of the classroom material.

After Carol's lecture, I want to spend a little time on internet development. You have seen a little bit of this with the Maria picture tutorial. I want to discuss the following coding:

 function dospan()
        {
        var zz = document.getElementById("span");
        for (var r=0;r<24;r=r+2)
            {
            var zz1 = document.createElement("div");
            zz1.setAttribute("id","div" + r.toString());
            var zz2 = document.createElement("img");
            zz2.setAttribute("src","nerc/nerc" + r.toString() + ".jpg");
            zz2.style.width="25%";
             zz2.style.height="25%";
            zz2.style.paddingRight=(2.5*(10-(Math.abs(r-11)-1))).toString() + "%";
            zz2.style.paddingLeft = (2.5*(Math.abs(r-11)-1)).toString() + "%";
            var zz3 = document.createElement("img");
            zz3.setAttribute("src","nerc/nerc" + (r+1).toString() + ".jpg");
            zz3.style.width="25%";
            zz3.style.height="25%";
            zz3.style.paddingLeft=(2.5*(10-(Math.abs(r-11)-1))).toString() + "%";
            zz1.appendChild(zz2);
            zz1.appendChild(zz3);
            zz.appendChild(zz1);
          
            }

Now, this coding is creating HTML code. This is different than putting HTML code within the body of an HTML script. You can see that a 'div' is being created (in fact 24 times) and then stuffed with the appropriate picture. Style statements mathematically set spacing. This is an example of advanced HTML coding (Div was added to HTML 4.0 as your instructor understands it) both in the use of statements and DOM configuration. In the late 1990's (or possible 2000) a change to HTML strcuture was enforced by creating an object oriented approach to HTML code designated as DOM. This was further enhanced in 2004 which is what we are using. The span ID represents an object container and we are filling this container with new objects - each one a DIV. Now, in addition, the style statements, of which you can see are plenty, is an invokation of CSS technology.

You may say to yourself, "No wonder this instructor is so boring at parties. Who really cares about this as long as it works."

The answer to that is that the modern applications like facebook or linked in are only possible with this type of technology. They piggyback on other technologies such as Javascript and AJAX to provide real time changes to your screen while a user such as you is in these applications. This is called dynamic web pages where the emphasis of change is on the client side, not the server as was the case. We should be able to see this by looking at some sites that your instructor has some information on. Notice the quickness of the changes he indicates. To some degree, one is trading off time to initially load for the ability to change very quickly while on the page. A tip off to this type of coding is the back arrow. Changes that are not reflected when using the back arrow to see prior pages are being done at the client (your machine) level.

Your instructor, as he does at cocktail parties, will now proceed to bore you with examples of javascript and Ajax. After this, he will open his facebook page and try, on a real time basis, to show you where Divs, CSS, Ajax and javascript are being applied.

Last class: 14th lecture, Wednesday, Aug 25th, 2010

Powerpoint has its origins in the middle '80s as users attempt to make better spreadsheet (in this case Lotus) presentations. A term starts to be used called presentation graphics. Apple is in the lead on this as far as operating system companies are concerned. Other third parties, such as Harvard graphics, also create interesting packages. When we open powerpoint we are looking to some degree at Word with no text, just Objects.

Powerpoint starts you out with a selection of templates as indicated below left. No doubt these will be useful in most cases but in the problem we will be doing these will not have much of an effect. In the middle is a super box that microsoft provides with the use of some of these templates. This superbox allows the user to insert bulleted text, tables, charts, clip art, movies and pictures. All of these objects can be inserted using the insert tab of the ribbon but this box makes it much easier. Finally, any object inserted can be animated. Animation gets you close to programming. You have the ability to create entrances and exits among other things. It's kind of fun and last term I concentrated on this with my classes. For our classes this term, it will be more chocolate and vanilla. Howver, below right, you can see an object and through the animation tab, the possibilities exist for entrance, exit and enhancement options

We will be doing a powerpoint presentation. You can see the presentation by clicking here

Click here to download the files. The files are set as lgpres1 through lgpres51 and a wav file, mamriim by Mosh Ben Ari, a latiny dance that is a popular Israeli dance. The version we dance to is considerably cut and the choreography is by Rafi Ziz. If the class is lucky I will not begion to dance to this music.

Of these templates, the most complicated is comparison with a title, two comparison text boxes and 2 of these smart boxes. Text in powerpoint is accomplished through what in Word would be considered Text boxes. We did not, in this class, go over these when studying word and here's our chance. A text box in wird is a vehicle for holding text but that text that it holds is not a part of the flow of the text of the document. It is great for indicating other information that you want to highlight like insets or quotes and since it is independent of the rest of the text of the document, you can give it different characteristics such a point size and foont type. Color also is generally changed.

You will notice, however, that Powerpoint does not contain or allow the regular flow of text that is seen in Word. Therefore, text boxes become the vehicle for entering text on a powerpoint slide although text can also be entered in a smart box. When entering text in a text box, although the default point size (and possibly the justification) is different from word, you would get a feel for what would occur in a word processor. When entering text in a smart box, the text becomes bulleted.

For our project, a template doesn't really have all the tools we will use. We will be putting in quite a bit of pictures. In fact the first slide will have 4 picture, one pice of clip art, several different variations of text boxes. We'd be better off by using the template that is blank and adding to it. Now, what tools can be added. Well, similar to microsoft word, these type of "objects" are added through the insert tab. Below, you can see the tab. For this problem, we will be using pictures, clip art, text boxes and sound if wee get to it.

Let's build the first slide. You can see "icons" of the slides to the left as you create them. That location gives short cuts to layout, insertion and deletion of slides and changes to slide sequence. Using the first slide and the insert tab/picture icon, bring in the first four pictures indicated below in the link to access pictures. Your instructor will show you how to do this in one shot. Move the pictures to the corners. Below, is what we should be seeing.

Now, let's add text. This is a series of textboxes. Now, on most of these textboxes we will preview as done in MS word and when we get too many lines, we'll take the prior point size. Justification will be centering. You can, if you want, play with italics. Notice that additional tools are available on the ribbon including s for shadowing the letters and AV for spacing considerations.

Now, let's insert a cloud and we can do this by using clip art. Once a cloud is selected, put it on your slide, We have a ptroblem. Notice the slide hides the text. This is known as z-order, which we will have to change. We are looking for about 75% transparancy. Below, using shape fill on the format tab, we can accomplish this as you see

If you look at the slide show, you will notice that the cloud takes off (exits) from the slide within a few seconds. This is one of the more fun parts of powerpoint designated as animations. To some degree, this is like programming these objects to do what you want. Select the cloud and click the animations tab. We are looking for custom animations although the control above this deals with the entire slide and animation. With custom animations, a button designated as add effect will be aooear and when clicked the user will have a choice of 2 possible times to animate - entrance, exit - which can be changed to so effect, and 2 possible ways of dealing with animation, emphasis and motion. Motion would pertain to how exits and entrances are performed. We need the cloud to leave after a few seconds so we are looking at exit and fly out. Below, we see the start of this.

And, we will continue this in class today.

In class, Maria Diaz, whom you can see to the left, asked about pictures. On Wednesday, July 28th, I did a little html script that included 2 pictures for you in class. I felt that this was not enough and took the remaining pictures and created a web page pertaining to the new construction at Northeast regional where we have our class. I also show a set of pictures before and after major editing and reconstruction and there also is a carousal at the end. Plenty of javascript and HTML coding is on display for those interested or even simply intrigued which is how I got into it. Click here to see this.

Previous Excel tests, previous Word tests (although yours will be on line), and previous powerpoint projects

Your excel test will be done in class during the the 10th or 11th class. Click here to see the files used in previous excel tests and you can download them if you like

Below are previous Word test but keep in mind your test is online off the snap 2007 site

in previous classes a powerpoint presentation was done involving an athletic interest of your instructor. You can see previous powerpoint presentation of what is known as the Cherry Hill field trips by clicking here

We will probably use the last Cherry Hill field trip for our class. You can see one person's attempt at a powerpoint presentation by clicking below

Click here for a powerpoint slide show as shown in class